— Macro: __file__
— Macro: __line__

All M4 macros starting with ‘__’ retain their original name: for example, no m4__file__ is defined.

— Macro: __oline__

This is not technically a macro, but a feature of Autom4te. The sequence __oline__ can be used similarly to the other m4sugar location macros, but rather than expanding to the location of the input file, it is translated to the line number where it appears in the output file after all other M4 expansions.

— Macro: dnl

This macro kept its original name: no m4_dnl is defined.

— Macro: m4_bpatsubst (string, regexp, [replacement])

This macro corresponds to patsubst. The name m4_patsubst is kept for future versions of M4sugar, once GNU M4 2.0 is released and supports extended regular expression syntax.

— Macro: m4_bregexp (string, regexp, [replacement])

This macro corresponds to regexp. The name m4_regexp is kept for future versions of M4sugar, once GNU M4 2.0 is released and supports extended regular expression syntax.

— Macro: m4_copy (source, dest)
— Macro: m4_copy_force (source, dest)
— Macro: m4_rename (source, dest)
— Macro: m4_rename_force (source, dest)

These macros aren't directly builtins, but are closely related to m4_pushdef and m4_defn. m4_copy and m4_rename ensure that dest is undefined, while m4_copy_force and m4_rename_force overwrite any existing definition. All four macros then proceed to copy the entire pushdef stack of definitions of source over to dest. m4_copy and m4_copy_force preserve the source (including in the special case where source is undefined), while m4_rename and m4_rename_force undefine the original macro name (making it an error to rename an undefined source).

Note that attempting to invoke a renamed macro might not work, since the macro may have a dependence on helper macros accessed via composition of ‘$0’ but that were not also renamed; likewise, other macros may have a hard-coded dependence on source and could break if source has been deleted. On the other hand, it is always safe to rename a macro to temporarily move it out of the way, then rename it back later to restore original semantics.

— Macro: m4_defn (macro...)

This macro fails if macro is not defined, even when using older versions of M4 that did not warn. See m4_undefine. Unfortunately, in order to support these older versions of M4, there are some situations involving unbalanced quotes where concatenating multiple macros together will work in newer M4 but not in m4sugar; use quadrigraphs to work around this.

— Macro: m4_divert (diversion)

M4sugar relies heavily on diversions, so rather than behaving as a primitive, m4_divert behaves like:

          m4_divert_pop()m4_divert_push([diversion])

See Diversion support, for more details about the use of the diversion stack. In particular, this implies that diversion should be a named diversion rather than a raw number. But be aware that it is seldom necessary to explicitly change the diversion stack, and that when done incorrectly, it can lead to syntactically invalid scripts.

— Macro: m4_dumpdef (name...)
— Macro: m4_dumpdefs (name...)

m4_dumpdef is like the M4 builtin, except that this version requires at least one argument, output always goes to standard error rather than the current debug file, no sorting is done on multiple arguments, and an error is issued if any name is undefined. m4_dumpdefs is a convenience macro that calls m4_dumpdef for all of the m4_pushdef stack of definitions, starting with the current, and silently does nothing if name is undefined.

Unfortunately, due to a limitation in M4 1.4.x, any macro defined as a builtin is output as the empty string. This behavior is rectified by using M4 1.6 or newer. However, this behavior difference means that m4_dumpdef should only be used while developing m4sugar macros, and never in the final published form of a macro.

— Macro: m4_esyscmd_s (command)

Like m4_esyscmd, this macro expands to the result of running command in a shell. The difference is that any trailing newlines are removed, so that the output behaves more like shell command substitution.

— Macro: m4_exit (exit-status)

This macro corresponds to m4exit.

— Macro: m4_if (comment)
— Macro: m4_if (string-1, string-2, equal, [not-equal])
— Macro: m4_if (string-1, string-2, equal-1, string-3, string-4, equal-2, ..., [not-equal])

This macro corresponds to ifelse. string-1 and string-2 are compared literally, so usually one of the two arguments is passed unquoted. See Conditional constructs, for more conditional idioms.

— Macro: m4_include (file)
— Macro: m4_sinclude (file)

Like the M4 builtins, but warn against multiple inclusions of file.

— Macro: m4_mkstemp (template)
— Macro: m4_maketemp (template)

Posix requires maketemp to replace the trailing ‘X’ characters in template with the process id, without regards to the existence of a file by that name, but this a security hole. When this was pointed out to the Posix folks, they agreed to invent a new macro mkstemp that always creates a uniquely named file, but not all versions of GNU M4 support the new macro. In M4sugar, m4_maketemp and m4_mkstemp are synonyms for each other, and both have the secure semantics regardless of which macro the underlying M4 provides.

— Macro: m4_popdef (macro...)

This macro fails if macro is not defined, even when using older versions of M4 that did not warn. See m4_undefine.

— Macro: m4_undefine (macro...)

This macro fails if macro is not defined, even when using older versions of M4 that did not warn. Use

          m4_ifdef([macro], [m4_undefine([macro])])

if you are not sure whether macro is defined.

— Macro: m4_undivert (diversion...)

Unlike the M4 builtin, at least one diversion must be specified. Also, since the M4sugar diversion stack prefers named diversions, the use of m4_undivert to include files is risky. See Diversion support, for more details about the use of the diversion stack. But be aware that it is seldom necessary to explicitly change the diversion stack, and that when done incorrectly, it can lead to syntactically invalid scripts.

— Macro: m4_wrap (text)
— Macro: m4_wrap_lifo (text)

These macros correspond to m4wrap. Posix requires arguments of multiple wrap calls to be reprocessed at EOF in the same order as the original calls (first-in, first-out). GNU M4 versions through 1.4.10, however, reprocess them in reverse order (last-in, first-out). Both orders are useful, therefore, you can rely on m4_wrap to provide FIFO semantics and m4_wrap_lifo for LIFO semantics, regardless of the underlying GNU M4 version.

Unlike the GNU M4 builtin, these macros only recognize one argument, and avoid token pasting between consecutive invocations. On the other hand, nested calls to m4_wrap from within wrapped text work just as in the builtin.