In packages using make recursion, the top level Makefile.am must
tell Automake which subdirectories are to be built. This is done via
the SUBDIRS variable.
The SUBDIRS variable holds a list of subdirectories in which
building of various sorts can occur. The rules for many targets
(e.g., all) in the generated Makefile will run commands
both locally and in all specified subdirectories. Note that the
directories listed in SUBDIRS are not required to contain
Makefile.ams; only Makefiles (after configuration).
This allows inclusion of libraries from packages that do not use
Automake (such as gettext; see also Third-Party Makefiles).
In packages that use subdirectories, the top-level Makefile.am is often very short. For instance, here is the Makefile.am from the GNU Hello distribution:
EXTRA_DIST = BUGS ChangeLog.O README-alpha
SUBDIRS = doc intl po src tests
When Automake invokes make in a subdirectory, it uses the value
of the MAKE variable. It passes the value of the variable
AM_MAKEFLAGS to the make invocation; this can be set in
Makefile.am if there are flags you must always pass to
make.
The directories mentioned in SUBDIRS are usually direct
children of the current directory, each subdirectory containing its
own Makefile.am with a SUBDIRS pointing to deeper
subdirectories. Automake can be used to construct packages of
arbitrary depth this way.
By default, Automake generates Makefiles that work depth-first
in postfix order: the subdirectories are built before the current
directory. However, it is possible to change this ordering. You can
do this by putting ‘.’ into SUBDIRS. For instance,
putting ‘.’ first will cause a prefix ordering of
directories.
Using
SUBDIRS = lib src . test
will cause lib/ to be built before src/, then the current directory will be built, finally the test/ directory will be built. It is customary to arrange test directories to be built after everything else since they are meant to test what has been constructed.