数组 函数
PHP Manual

extract

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

extract — 从数组中将变量导入到当前的符号表

说明

int extract ( array $var_array [, int $extract_type [, string $prefix ]] )

本函数用来将变量从数组中导入到当前的符号表中。接受结合数组 var_array 作为参数并将键名当作变量名，值作为变量的值。对每个键／值对都会在当前的符号表中建立变量，并受到 extract_type 和 prefix 参数的影响。

Note:

自版本 4.0.5 起本函数返回被提取的变量数目。

Note:

EXTR_IF_EXISTS 和 EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS 是版本 4.2.0 中引进的。

Note:

EXTR_REFS 是版本 4.3.0 中引进的。

extract() 检查每个键名看是否可以作为一个合法的变量名，同时也检查和符号表中已有的变量名的冲突。对待非法／数字和冲突的键名的方法将根据 extract_type 参数决定。可以是以下值之一：

EXTR_OVERWRITE
如果有冲突，覆盖已有的变量。
EXTR_SKIP
如果有冲突，不覆盖已有的变量。
EXTR_PREFIX_SAME
如果有冲突，在变量名前加上前缀 prefix。
EXTR_PREFIX_ALL
给所有变量名加上前缀 prefix。自 PHP 4.0.5 起这也包括了对数字索引的处理。
EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID
仅在非法／数字的变量名前加上前缀 prefix。本标记是 PHP 4.0.5 新加的。
EXTR_IF_EXISTS
仅在当前符号表中已有同名变量时，覆盖它们的值。其它的都不处理。可以用在已经定义了一组合法的变量，然后要从一个数组例如 $_REQUEST 中提取值覆盖这些变量的场合。本标记是 PHP 4.2.0 新加的。
EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS
仅在当前符号表中已有同名变量时，建立附加了前缀的变量名，其它的都不处理。本标记是 PHP 4.2.0 新加的。
EXTR_REFS
将变量作为引用提取。这有力地表明了导入的变量仍然引用了 var_array 参数的值。可以单独使用这个标志或者在 extract_type 中用 OR 与其它任何标志结合使用。本标记是 PHP 4.3.0 新加的。

如果没有指定 extract_type，则被假定为 EXTR_OVERWRITE。

注意 prefix 仅在 extract_type 的值是 EXTR_PREFIX_SAME，EXTR_PREFIX_ALL，EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID 或 EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS 时需要。如果附加了前缀后的结果不是合法的变量名，将不会导入到符号表中。前缀和数组键名之间会自动加上一个下划线。

extract() 返回成功导入到符号表中的变量数目。

Warning

不要对不能信任的数据使用 extract()，例如用户的输入（$_GET，...）。如果这样做，举例说，要临时运行依赖于 register_globals 的老代码，要确保使用不会覆盖的 extract_type 值，例如 EXTR_SKIP，并且要留意应该按照 php.ini 中由 variables_order 定义的顺序来提取。

extract() 的一种可能用法是将 wddx_deserialize() 返回的结合数组中的内容导入到符号表变量中去。

Example #1 extract() 例子

<?php

/* 假定 $var_array 是 wddx_deserialize 返回的数组*/

$size = "large";
$var_array = array("color" => "blue",
                   "size"  => "medium",
                   "shape" => "sphere");
extract($var_array, EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, "wddx");

echo "$color, $size, $shape, $wddx_size\n";

?>

以上例程会输出：

blue, large, sphere, medium

$size 没有被覆盖，因为指定了 EXTR_PREFIX_SAME，这使得 $wddx_size 被建立。如果指定了 EXTR_SKIP，则 $wddx_size 也不会被建立。EXTR_OVERWRITE 将使 $size 的值为“medium”，EXTR_PREFIX_ALL 将建立新变量 $wddx_color，$wddx_size 和 $wddx_shape。

必须使用关联数组，数字索引的数组将不会产生结果，除非用了 EXTR_PREFIX_ALL 或者 EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID。

参见 compact()。

参数

var_array

An associative array. This function treats keys as variable names and values as variable values. For each key/value pair it will create a variable in the current symbol table, subject to extract_type and prefix parameters.

You must use an associative array; a numerically indexed array will not produce results unless you use EXTR_PREFIX_ALL or EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID.

extract_type

The way invalid/numeric keys and collisions are treated is determined by the extract_type. It can be one of the following values:

EXTR_OVERWRITE
If there is a collision, overwrite the existing variable.
EXTR_SKIP
If there is a collision, don't overwrite the existing variable.
EXTR_PREFIX_SAME
If there is a collision, prefix the variable name with prefix.
EXTR_PREFIX_ALL
Prefix all variable names with prefix.
EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID
Only prefix invalid/numeric variable names with prefix.
EXTR_IF_EXISTS
Only overwrite the variable if it already exists in the current symbol table, otherwise do nothing. This is useful for defining a list of valid variables and then extracting only those variables you have defined out of $_REQUEST, for example.
EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS
Only create prefixed variable names if the non-prefixed version of the same variable exists in the current symbol table.
EXTR_REFS
Extracts variables as references. This effectively means that the values of the imported variables are still referencing the values of the var_array parameter. You can use this flag on its own or combine it with any other flag by OR'ing the extract_type.

If extract_type is not specified, it is assumed to be EXTR_OVERWRITE.

prefix

Note that prefix is only required if extract_type is EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, EXTR_PREFIX_ALL, EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID or EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS. If the prefixed result is not a valid variable name, it is not imported into the symbol table. Prefixes are automatically separated from the array key by an underscore character.

返回值

Returns the number of variables successfully imported into the symbol table.

更新日志

版本 说明
4.3.0 EXTR_REFS was added.
4.2.0 EXTR_IF_EXISTS and EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS were added.
4.0.5 This function now returns the number of variables extracted. EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID was added. EXTR_PREFIX_ALL includes numeric variables as well.

范例

Example #2 extract() example

A possible use for extract() is to import into the symbol table variables contained in an associative array returned by wddx_deserialize().

<?php

/* Suppose that $var_array is an array returned from
   wddx_deserialize */

$size = "large";
$var_array = array("color" => "blue",
                   "size"  => "medium",
                   "shape" => "sphere");
extract($var_array, EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, "wddx");

echo "$color, $size, $shape, $wddx_size\n";

?>

以上例程会输出：

blue, large, sphere, medium

The $size wasn't overwritten because we specified EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which resulted in $wddx_size being created. If EXTR_SKIP was specified, then $wddx_size wouldn't even have been created. EXTR_OVERWRITE would have caused $size to have value "medium", and EXTR_PREFIX_ALL would result in new variables being named $wddx_color, $wddx_size, and $wddx_shape.

注释

Warning

Do not use extract() on untrusted data, like user input (i.e. $_GET, $_FILES, etc.). If you do, for example if you want to run old code that relies on register_globals temporarily, make sure you use one of the non-overwriting extract_type values such as EXTR_SKIP and be aware that you should extract in the same order that's defined in variables_order within the php.ini.

Note:

If you have register_globals turned on and you use extract() on $_FILES and specify EXTR_SKIP, you may be surprised at the results.

Warning

This is not recommended practice and is only documented here for completeness. The use of register_globals is deprecated and calling extract() on untrusted data such as $_FILES is, as noted above, a potential security risk. If you encounter this issue, it means that you are using at least two poor coding practices.

<?php

/* Suppose that $testfile is the name of a file upload input
   and that register_globals is turned on. */

var_dump($testfile);
extract($_FILES, EXTR_SKIP);
var_dump($testfile);
var_dump($testfile['tmp_name']);

?>
You might expect to see something like the following: 
string(14) "/tmp/phpgCCPX8"
array(5) {
  ["name"]=>
  string(10) "somefile.txt"
  ["type"]=>
  string(24) "application/octet-stream"
  ["tmp_name"]=>
  string(14) "/tmp/phpgCCPX8"
  ["error"]=>
  int(0)
  ["size"]=>
  int(4208)
}
string(14) "/tmp/phpgCCPX8"
However, you would instead see something like this: 
string(14) "/tmp/phpgCCPX8"
string(14) "/tmp/phpgCCPX8"
string(1) "/"

This is due to the fact that since register_globals is turned on, $testfile already exists in the global scope when extract() is called. And since EXTR_SKIP is specified, $testfile is not overwritten with the contents of the $_FILES array so $testfile remains a string. Because strings may be accessed using array syntax and the non-numeric string tmp_name is interpreted as 0, PHP sees $testfile['tmp_name'] as $testfile[0].

参见

数组 函数
PHP Manual